Ancient Roman Iron

Melting Iron in Ancient Times?
How did the ancient humans(Egyptians, Romans, Persians etc) melt iron? What tools were used to melt and hold onto the melted liquid iron?
To make the long story short, ancient cultures never reached iron melting-point temperatures. They just did not have the ceramic materials for crusibles to withstand such high temperatures and the right fuel to do so. That came after during the industrial revolution in England when coke and high temperature resistant crucibles were invented. Ancients were able to heat the iron pieces enough to make it maleable (red-hot iron). From there they shaped their tools and weapons by hammering, just like a blacksmith does to make horse shoes. Hope this help.
Roman Flugel - Iron Curtain
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